大家都知道考研英語是公共課必考的一門課，很多同學在考研英語上因為基礎(chǔ)不扎實，痛失復試資格，當然了考研界大佬何凱文每日一練是考生們在進行2019考研英語復習時，免費又實用的復習資料。今天陜西文都考研總部小編給大家整理了關(guān)于2019陜西文都考研英語：何凱文每日一練 day 76的知識點，如有需要及時加入陜西文都19考研交流群。文都考研網(wǎng)持續(xù)為考生們推送何凱文每日一練，歡迎考生訪問查看。本期文都考研網(wǎng)為大家?guī)淼氖?a href="http://www.zosqltp.cn/publish/beikao/yyzd/">何凱文每日一練第七十六天。

　　第七十六天

　　如果給你兩個選擇，一個是現(xiàn)在拿走150元，一個是一年后拿走180元，你會選哪個?大部分人可能會選擇150元，而放棄一個月后30元的額外收入。這是因為人們傾向于給予當下的考慮更大的權(quán)重，即“現(xiàn)時偏差”。類似的認知偏差有很多，被維基百科收錄的就有185種。學者認為，認知偏差是直覺力的不良副產(chǎn)物。一方面人可以通過直覺力快速地根據(jù)以往經(jīng)歷和現(xiàn)實情境作出判斷，及時規(guī)避危險。但直覺力的迅雷不急掩耳之速犧牲了理性，導致人們在無需快速決策時也偷懶，訴諸直覺而非努力思考，掉進各種認知偏差的陷阱。因系統(tǒng)提出邏輯謬誤和認知偏差而獲得諾貝爾獎的Daniel Kahneman認為，雖然人們在認知測驗中可因得到相關(guān)訓練而提升分數(shù)，但本質(zhì)上這些人性弱點是無法克服的，因為生活不像測驗，測驗中你一直提防著出題人的坑，越測越敏感，越測分越高;而生活中你的對手是自己，你一直在給自己挖坑，越老越自負，越活越糊涂。

　　If I had to single out a particular bias as the most pervasive and damaging, it would probably be confirmation bias. That’s the effect that leads us to look for evidence confirming what we already think or suspect, to view facts and ideas we encounter as further confirmation, and to discount or ignore any piece of evidence that seems to support an alternate view. Confirmation bias shows up most blatantly in our current political divide, where each side seems unable to allow that the other side is right about anything. Confirmation bias plays out in lots of other circumstances, sometimes with terrible consequences.

　　思考題：

　　“Confirmation bias” was singled out by the author because __.

　　A. it leads us to ignore opposing views

　　B. it shows up conspicuously in politics

　　C. it is bad for reaching logical decisions

　　D. it is the most widespread and harmful

　　(參看2000 雄心壯志的文章，互為因果，了解一下。)

　　詞匯突破：

　　1. pervasive 廣泛的

　　2. confirmation 確認

　　3. discount打折

　　4. alternate 其他的

　　5. blatant 公然的，顯眼的

　　第一句：

　　If I had to single out a particular bias as the most pervasive and damaging, it would probably be confirmation bias.

　　切分：

　　1. If I had to single out a particular bias

　　2. as the most pervasive and damaging

　　3. it would probably be confirmation bias

　　參考譯文：

　　如果必須找出一個最普遍、破壞性最 強的特定偏見，可能就是“證實偏差”了。

　　第二句：

　　That’s the effect that leads us to look for evidence confirming what we already think or suspect, to view facts and ideas we encounter as further confirmation, and to discount or ignore any piece of evidence that seems to support an alternate view.

　　切分：

　　1. That’s the effect

　　2. that leads us to look for evidence

　　3. confirming what we already think or suspect,

　　4. to view facts and ideas…as further confirmation

　　5. (that) we encounter

　　6. and to discount or ignore any piece of evidence

　　7. that seems to support an alternate view.

　　參考譯文：這種偏見導致我們尋找證據(jù)支撐已有的想法或質(zhì)疑，將遇到的事實和想法視為進一步的佐證，并貶損或忽略任何似乎支持其他觀點的證據(jù)。“

　　第三句：

　　Confirmation bias shows up most blatantly in our current political divide, where each side seems unable to allow that the other side is right about anything.

　　切分：

　　1. Confirmation bias shows up most blatantly in our current political divide

　　2. where each side seems unable to allow

　　3. that the other side is right about anything

　　參考譯文：“證實偏差”鮮明地出現(xiàn)在當下的政治分歧中，雙方似乎都無法承認對方有任何對的地方。

　　第四句：

　　Confirmation bias plays out in lots of other circumstances, sometimes with terrible consequences.

　　參考譯文：“證實偏差”在許多其他情況下也會發(fā)生, 有時會帶來可怕的后果。

　　“Confirmation bias” was singled out by the author because __.

　　作者為何在這么多認知偏差中把“證實偏差”提出來講?

　　A. it leads us to ignore opposing views

　　B. it shows up conspicuously in politics

　　C. it is bad for reaching logical decisions

　　D. it is the most widespread and harmful

　　原文中的第一句的前半句，我們看到“如果必須找出一個最普遍、破壞性最 強的特定偏見的話”，反過來說也就是這個偏差因為是最普遍、最有破壞性的，所以被找出來了。答案是D。

　　所以你應該是定位錯了!

　　有一種因果叫做隱形因果，沒有出現(xiàn)明顯的因果詞但前后句有因果關(guān)系。

　　明天的句子：

　　Medium-length or long hair was best—but not too long. Heels and skirts were preferred at trial—but not too high and definitely not too short. But showing up in federal court with bare legs was as unthinkable as showing up drunk. Clothing may seem trivial, but what a woman wears at trial is directly related to her ability to do her job. When impeaching a witness to expose a lie, I would hold incriminating document and shove it in the witness’s face. I had to approach witnesses carefully—because I was balancing on heels.

　　思考題：

　　According to the author, why female lawyer’s dressing code is important?

　　A.It will influence her ability to work.

　　B.It will be convenient to shove document.

　　C.It will help lawyer approach the witness.

　　D.It will avoid the so-called embarrassment.

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